What is a biological indicator used for in sterilization?

A biological indicator is specifically used to test the effectiveness of sterilization processes by containing viable microorganisms. The main purpose of a biological indicator is to verify that the sterilization conditions were sufficient to kill a certain type of microbe, usually spore-forming organisms that are more resistant to sterilization methods than the typical pathogens found in clinical settings. By using a biological indicator, healthcare professionals can ensure that the sterilization process was successful and that instruments are safe for use in surgical procedures.

In contrast, measuring temperature in sterilizers does not assess microbial death, while identifying chemical residues pertains to ensuring that no harmful chemical remains post-sterilization. Additionally, assessing mechanical functions of sterilizers involves validating that the equipment is operating correctly, but it does not provide information about the efficacy of microbial inactivation. Thus, the use of biological indicators is a crucial step in infection control and patient safety in surgical environments.